The most efficient tilt for photovoltaic panels in Paterson, New Jersey at a latitude of 40.91°:
Your photovoltaic panels need to be angled facing south.
If you're mounting the photovoltaic panels at a stationary angle, such as on your roof, the most efficient angle is 34.2°.
If you're planning to change the angle of your photovoltaic panels twice per year, the most efficient angle is 17.1° in summer months and 55° in winter months.
If you're planning to change the angle of your photovoltaic panels each season, the most efficient angle is 13.3° in summer months and 60.4° in winter months, and 37.8° in autumn and spring months.